A Structural and Semiotic Analysis of Genesis 2:15: An Ecotheological Response to Climate Change

Abstract

Climate change constitutes one of the most urgent global and regional challenges of the twenty-first century, posing profound threats to ecological integrity, human livelihoods, and social stability. Although Christian theology has historically affirmed environmental stewardship as a fundamental biblical mandate, ecclesial engagement with ecological responsibility has often remained fragmented and inconsistent, revealing a persistent disconnect between theological affirmation and practical implementation. This study addresses this gap through a structural and semiotic analysis of Genesis 2:15, with the aim of developing an ecotheological response to climate change. The study investigates the literary structure and symbolic significance of key elements within the text, giving particular attention to the Hebrew verbs ד ַב ָע) ʿābad, “to work/serve”) and ר ַמ ָש) šāmar, “to keep/guard”), which function as central theological signifiers of humanity’s vocation within creation. The findings reveal that Genesis 2:15 establishes a dual mandate of cultivation and preservation, thereby presenting a theological framework in which human interaction with the environment is simultaneously productive and protective. Consequently, the study argues that the biblical concept of dominion should be understood not as legitimizing exploitation but as embodying responsible stewardship grounded in worshipful obedience, covenantal responsibility, and ethical accountability. Situated within the broader discourse on the “greening of religions” and the emerging role of African churches in addressing ecological crises, the study identifies significant gaps in existing scholarship, including the limited application of rigorous exegetical methodologies, the absence of coherent ecotheological frameworks, and the enduring divide between theological reflection and ecclesial practice. Through a documentary analysis of selected Nairobi churches namely the Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK), the Catholic Church, the Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA), and Christ Is the Answer Ministries (CITAM) the research examines the extent to which biblical exegesis is integrated with contextual theological reflection and environmental praxis. Building on these findings, the study proposes a framework that bridges doctrine and practice by providing a biblically grounded and contextually relevant model for environmental stewardship. In so doing, it contributes to contemporary ecotheological scholarship and underscores the church’s potential role as a critical moral and spiritual agent in responding to the challenges of climate change. Through the integration of sound biblical interpretation with practical engagement, the study envisions a renewed ecclesial witness capable of fostering ecological responsibility and promoting the flourishing of creation.